Glaucoma is a major cause of blindness and is frequently associated with elevated intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork (TM), the tissue that primarily regulates intraocular pressure, is known to have reduced cellularity in glaucoma. Thus, stem …

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) metastases represent a major problem in the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive breast cancer because of the disappointing efficacy of HER2-targeted therapies against brain …

Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1) is an infantile autosomal recessive disease caused by the loss of the ubiquitously expressed IGHMBP2 gene. SMARD1 causes degeneration of alpha-motor neurons, result- ing in distal muscle …

Although significant advances have been made in understanding the genetics of endocrine tumors, cellular physiology is relatively understudied as a determinant of tumor behavior. Oxidative stress (OS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are metabolic …

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) catheters are a specialist imaging modality used in the assessment of cardiovascular disease. The ultrasound transducer may either be of single-element mechanical or phased-array design. Because of their design and …

Protein glycosylation is an essential posttranslational modification that affects a myriad of physiologic processes. Humans with genetic defects in glycosylation, which result in truncated glycans, often present with significant cardiac deficits. Acquired …

Background: DRAM1 (Damage-regulated autophagy modulator 1) was reported as 1 one of the most important lysosome membrane protein that mediates the interaction between autophagosome and lysosome. Our aim was to investigate whether DRAM1 contributes to …

Background: The function of preadipocytes in the progression of early stage breast cancer has not been fully elucidated at the molecular level. To delineate the role of preadipocytes in breast cancer progression, we investigated the cross-talk between …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is an established risk factor for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), however the pathogenesis of HIV-related PAH remains unclear. Since K+ channel dysfunction is a common marker in most forms of PAH, our …

One cause for suboptimal photoacoustic tomography (PAT) penetration depth is attenuation of incident light by soft tissue. To better understand this problem, we investigated the effects of illumination fiber optic bundle geometry on PAT penetration depth …