Nanoparticle conjugation of ginsenoside Rb3 inhibits myocardial fibrosis by regulating PPARα pathway

Background: Cardiac fibrosis occurs in ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure, hereditary cardiomyopathy, diabetes and aging. Energy metabolism, which serves a crucial function in the course and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, might have therapeutic benefits for myocardial fibrosis. Ginsenoside Rb3 (G-Rb3) is one of the main components of Ginseng and exhibits poor oral bioavailability but still exerts regulate energy metabolism effects in some diseases. Therefore, the study investigated the effect of chitosan (CS) @ sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) nanoparticles conjugation with ginsenoside Rb3 (NpRb3) on myocardial fibrosis and studied its possible mechanisms. The results showed that NpRb3 directly participates in the remodeling of myocardial energy metabolism and the regulation of perixisome proliferation-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), thereby improving the degree of myocardial fibrosis. The study also verifies the protective effect of NpRb3 on energy metabolism and mitochondrial function by targeting the PPARα pathway. Therefore, the prepared nanodrug carrier may be a potential solution for the delivery of G-Rb3, which is a promising platform for oral treatment of myocardial fibrosis.