Extracorporeal Shock Wave-Supported Adipose-Derived Fresh Stromal Vascular Fraction Preserved Left Ventricular (LV) Function and Inhibited LV Remodeling in Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rat

This study tested the hypothesis that extracorporeal shock wave- (ECSW-) assisted adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) therapy could preserve left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and inhibit LV remodeling in a rat after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Adult male SD rats were categorized into group 1 (sham control), group 2 (AMI induced by left coronary artery ligation), group 3 [AMI + ECSW (280 impulses at 0.1 mJ/mm 2 , applied to the chest wall at 3 h, days 3 and 7 after AMI), group 4 [AMI + SVF (1.2 × 10 6 ) implanted into the infarct area at 3 h after AMI], and group 5 (AMI + ECSW-SVF). In vitro, SVF protected H9C2 cells against menadione-induced mitochondrial damage and increased fluorescent intensity of mitochondria in nuclei ( p < 0.01 ). By day 42 after AMI, LVEF was highest in group 1, lowest in group 2, significantly higher in group 5 than in groups 3 and 4, and similar between the latter two groups (all p < 0.0001 ). LV remodeling and infarcted, fibrotic, and collagen deposition areas as well as apoptotic nuclei exhibited an opposite pattern to LVEF among the groups (all p < 0.0001 ). Protein expressions of CD31/vWF/eNOS/PGC-1 α / α -MHC/mitochondrial cytochrome C exhibited an identical pattern, whilst protein expressions of MMP-9/TNF- α /IL-1 β /NF- κ B/caspase-3/PARP/Samd3/TGF- β /NOX-1/NOX-2/oxidized protein/ β -MHC/BNP exhibited an opposite pattern to LVEF among five groups (all p < 0.0001 ). Cellular expressions of CXCR4/SDF-1 α /Sca-1/c-Kit significantly and progressively increased from groups 1 to 5 (all p < 0.0001 ). Cellular expression of γ -H2AX/CD68 displayed an opposite pattern to LVEF among the five groups (all p < 0.0001 ). In conclusion, ECSW-SVF therapy effectively preserved LVEF and inhibited LV remodeling in rat AMI.