A rat model of acute kidney injury through systemic hypoperfusion evaluated by micro-US, color and PW-Doppler

Aim To create an animal model of acute renal ischemia induced by systemic hypoperfusion, controllable and reproducible to study, in real time, hemorrhagic shock changes with micro-imaging. Animals and methods Hemorrhagic shock was induced in rats activating a syringe pump setup to remove 1 mL/min of blood, through the femoral artery catheter. The withdrawal was continued until the mean arterial pressure (MAP) dropped to 25–30 mmHg. For the next 60 min, the MAP was maintained at a constant pressure value, by automatic pump infu- sion and withdrawal. Micro-ultrasound imaging was performed using the Vevo 2100 system with the MS250 transducer (13–24 MHz). Renal size, morphology and echogenicity were evaluated in B-mode. Renal blood flow was evaluated using color and PW-Doppler. Results After 1 h of ischemia, B-mode images documented slight changes in kidney echogenicity. Color and PW-Doppler analysis showed a reduction in renal blood flow in kidneys during the hypoperfusion with a progressive and significant change from baseline values of resistive index (RI). At the histological evaluation, 60 min of hypoperfusion resulted in ischemic changes in the kidneys. Conclusions The results of this experimental study encourage the use of the described model to study acute renal ischemia trough severe hypoperfusion. The histological data confirmed that the model was able to produce injury in renal parenchyma. It can be used to assess acute ischemic damage not only in the kidney but also in other organs by using all available dedicated small animals imaging techniques.